EuroWire, WASHINGTON: The European Union and the United States launched a strategic partnership on critical minerals on April 24, signing a memorandum of understanding in Washington and agreeing an EU-US Critical Minerals Action Plan. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and EU Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic signed the memorandum, establishing a formal transatlantic framework for closer cooperation on minerals used across major industrial supply chains. The European Commission said the agreement deepens cooperation on critical raw materials and places that work on a structured footing.
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative said the action plan will serve as the main U.S.-EU mechanism for coordinating trade policies and measures on critical minerals supply chains. The document says the two sides will work with a view to concluding a binding plurilateral agreement on trade in critical minerals. It describes critical minerals as strategic assets for modern industrial economies and says diverse, resilient and market-based supply chains are essential for economic and national security on both sides of the Atlantic.
Under the action plan, the two sides said they intend to discuss coordinated trade policies and mechanisms, including measures based on reference prices such as border-adjusted price floors, standards-based markets, price-gap subsidies and offtake agreements. The document also lists possible cooperation on trade measures to support a resilient marketplace, standards for mining, processing, recycling and trade, technical and regulatory cooperation, investment promotion and screening, rapid responses to disruptions, research and development, and stockpiling cooperation.
EU action plan takes shape
The April 24 signing followed commitments made at the Critical Minerals Ministerial in Washington on February 4, when the European Union, the United States and Japan said they would move within 30 days toward an EU-U.S. memorandum on critical minerals supply chain security. That joint statement said the memorandum would identify areas of cooperation to stimulate demand and diversify supply by supporting projects in mining, refining, processing and recycling, while also covering discussions on preventing disruptions, promoting research and innovation, and exchanging information on stockpiling.
Officials also said in February that they intended to develop action plans and explore a plurilateral trade initiative with like-minded partners. The joint statement outlined the same policy tools later reflected in the April action plan, including border-adjusted price floors, standards-based markets, price-gap subsidies and offtake agreements. The Department of State was designated to lead U.S. engagement on the memorandum, while the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative was assigned to lead U.S. engagement on the action plan, with several EU member states also taking part in the Washington meeting.
Earlier commitments aligned
The European Commission linked the new partnership to a broader U.S.-EU framework announced on August 21, 2025, which committed both sides to strengthen economic security alignment and address non-market policies of third parties. In that earlier framework, the two sides said they would take complementary action on supply chain resilience, investment reviews, export controls and related enforcement measures. The April critical minerals package places those earlier commitments into a dedicated structure focused on raw materials, trade coordination and resilience planning between Brussels and Washington.
The action plan says complementary discussions on critical minerals resilience will continue in forums including the G7, while implementation will be developed by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security. Together, the memorandum and action plan establish the formal framework announced in Washington on April 24 for cooperation in mining, processing, recycling, trade coordination and supply chain resilience.